A kilt is considered traditional or modern based on its materials, construction, and intended use, with traditional kilts made from wool tartan and built using established methods that follow long-standing Scottish dress standards, while modern kilts use a wider range of fabrics such as poly-cotton, ripstop, canvas, denim, or synthetic blends and often incorporate updated features. Traditional kilts emphasize heritage, formal presentation, and adherence to established design patterns, whereas modern kilts prioritize function, versatility, or stylistic variation, often including elements like cargo pockets, alternative closures, or non-tartan designs. The distinction comes from whether the kilt follows historical conventions or adapts the garment for contemporary use and needs.